Pub - Wikipedia"Public house" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Public housing. A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer (such as ale) and cider. It is a relaxed, social drinking establishment and a prominent part of British,[1]Irish,[2]Breton, New Zealand, Canadian, South African and Australian cultures.[3] In many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 1. 7th- century diary Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England".[4]Pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns,[5] through the Anglo- Saxon alehouse to the development of the tied house system in the 1. In 1. 39. 3, King Richard II of England introduced legislation that pubs had to display a sign outdoors to make them easily visible for passing ale tasters, who would assess the quality of ale sold.[6] Most pubs focus on offering beers, ales and similar drinks. As well, pubs often sell wines, spirits, and soft drinks, meals and snacks.

The owner, tenant or manager (licensee) is known as the pub landlord or publican. Referred to as their "local" by regulars, pubs are typically chosen for their proximity to home or work, the availability of a particular beer or ale or a good selection, good food, a social atmosphere, the presence of friends and acquaintances, and the availability of recreational activities such as a darts team, a skittles team, and a pool or snooker table. The pub quiz was established in the UK in the 1. Origins[edit]The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire on its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae,[5] in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear.

After the departure of Roman authority in the 5th Century and the fall of the Romano- British kingdoms, the Anglo- Saxons established alehouses that grew out of domestic dwellings, the Anglo- Saxon alewife would put a green bush up on a pole to let people know her brew was ready.[8] These alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the modern public house, or "Pub" as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 9. King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village.[citation needed]A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1. Worshipful Company of Innholders.[9] A survey in 1. England and Wales for taxation purposes[1.

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Peasants before an Inn by Dutch artist Jan Steen c. Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old.

In addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation,[1. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they provided not only food and lodging, but also stabling and fodder for the traveller's horse(s) and on some roads fresh horses for the mail coach. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard. There is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. Many pubs use "Inn" in their name, either because they are long established former coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image, or in many cases simply as a pun on the word "in", as in "The Welcome Inn", the name of many pubs in Scotland.

The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol- serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food and drink. In North America, the lodging aspect of the word "inn" lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn, and in some state laws that refer to lodging operators as innkeepers. The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales. Beer houses and the 1. Beer Act[edit]Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt.

The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 1. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 1. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries. The 1. 8th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin.

Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1. As thousands of gin- shops sprang up all over England, brewers fought back by increasing the number of alehouses. By 1. 74. 0 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so- called Gin Craze. Over half of the 1. London were gin shops.

The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The different effects of beer and gin were illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane.[1. The Gin Act 1. 73. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1.

Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. The New York Times reports that President Trump has removed Anthony Scaramucci from his role as White House communications director. It has only been ten days since. The Chicago Tribune's Food & Dining section, covering drinks, Chicago restaurants, food reviews, recipes and dining news. Breaking News English.com - Dictation. Comes with more listening, activities, quizzes and vocabulary.

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The Gin Act 1. 75. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates. By the early 1. 9th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1.