Stand- up comedy - Wikipedia. Stand- up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand- up comic, stand- up comedian, or simply a stand- up.[1] In stand- up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one- liners typically called a monologue, routine, or act.

Some stand- up comedians use props, music, or magic tricks to "enhance" their acts. Stand- up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo- burlesques, colleges and theatres. Outside live performance, stand- up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.[1][2]Overview[edit]In stand- up comedy, the feedback of the audience is instant and crucial for the comedian's act. Audiences expect a stand- up comic to provide a steady stream of laughs, and a performer is always under pressure to deliver. Will Ferrell has called stand- up comedy "hard, lonely and vicious".[2]A stand- up comedy show may involve only one comedian, or feature a "headline" or a "showcase" format.[citation needed] A headline format typically features an opening act known as a host, compère (UK), or master of ceremonies (MC), who usually warms up the crowd, interacts with the audience members, makes announcements, and introduces the other performers. This is followed by one or two "middle" or "featured" acts, who perform 1.

The "showcase" format consists of several acts who perform for roughly equal lengths of time, typical in smaller clubs such as the Comedy Cellar, or Jongleurs, or at large events where the billing of several names allows for a larger venue than the individual comedians could draw. A showcase format may still feature an MC. Many smaller venues hold "open mic" events, where anyone can take the stage and perform for the audience, offering a way for amateur performers to hone their craft and possibly break into the profession, or for established professionals to work on their material."Bringer shows" are another opportunity for amateur performers. The performer must bring a specified number of paying guests in order to get stage time. Watch Getting High In The Barrio HD 1080P. The guests usually have to pay a cover charge and there is often a minimum number of drinks that must be ordered. These shows usually have a "showcase" format. This type of show gives comedians better exposure than open mics because there is usually better audience turnout and industry professionals sometimes go to watch.

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Different comedy clubs have different requirements for their bringer shows. Gotham Comedy Club in New York City, for example, usually has ten- person bringers, while Broadway Comedy Club in New York City usually has six- person bringers. As the name implies, "stand- up" comedians usually perform their material while standing, though this is not mandatory.[citation needed]History[edit]Greek roots[edit]Stand- up comedy has its origin in classic Parrhesia in 4.

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BC used for cynics and epicureans in order to tell the reality without censorship.[3]United Kingdom[edit]Stand- up comedy in the United Kingdom began in the music halls of the 1. Notable performers who rose through the 2. Morecambe and Wise, Arthur Askey, Ken Dodd and Max Miller, who was considered to be the quintessential music- hall comedian. The heavy censorship regime of the Lord Chamberlain's Office required all comedians to submit their acts for censorship.

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The act would be returned with unacceptable sections underlined in blue pencil (possibly giving rise to the term "blue" for a comedian whose act is considered bawdy or smutty). The comedian was then obliged not to deviate from the act in its edited form.[1]The rise of the post- war comedians coincided with the rise of television and radio, and the traditional music hall circuit suffered greatly as a result. Whereas a music hall performer could work for years using just one act, television exposure created a constant demand for new material, although this may have also been responsible for the cessation of theatrical censorship in 1. By the 1. 97. 0s, music hall entertainment was virtually dead.

Alternative circuits had evolved, such as working men's clubs.[1] Some of the more successful comedians on the working men's club circuit—including Bernard Manning, Bobby Thompson, Frank Carson and Stan Boardman — eventually made their way to television via such shows as The Wheeltappers and Shunters Social Club. The "alternative" comedy scene also began to evolve. Some of the earliest successes came from folk clubs, where performers such as Billy Connolly, Mike Harding and Jasper Carrott started as relatively straight musical acts whose between- song banter developed into complete comedy routines.

The 1. 96. 0s had also seen the satire boom, including the creation of the club, the Establishment, which, amongst other things, gave British audiences their first taste of extreme American stand- up comedy from Lenny Bruce.[4]Victoria Wood launched her stand- up career in the early 1. Wood was to become one of the country's most successful comedians, in 2. Royal Albert Hall for 1.

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In 1. 97. 9, the first American- style stand- up comedy club, the Comedy Store was opened in London by Peter Rosengard, where many alternative comedy stars of the 1. Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, Alexei Sayle, Craig Ferguson, Rik Mayall and Ade Edmondson began their careers.[5] The stand- up comedy circuit rapidly expanded from London across the UK. The present British stand- up comedy circuit arose from the 'alternative' comedy revolution of the 1. In 1. 98. 3, young drama teacher Maria Kempinska created Jongleurs Comedy Clubs, now the largest stand- up comedy chain in Europe. Stand up comedy is believed to have been performed originally as a one- man show. Lately, this type of show started to involve a group of young comedians, especially in Europe. United States[edit]Stand- up comedy in the United States has its roots in various traditions of popular entertainment of the late 1. Watch The Retrieval Download.

English music hall, burlesque or early variety shows; minstrel shows, humorist monologues by personalities such as Mark Twain, and circus clown antics. With the turn of the century and ubiquitousness of urban and industrial living, the structure, pacing and timing, and material of American humor began to change. Comedians of this era often depended on fast- paced joke delivery, slapstick, outrageous or lewd innuendo, and donned an ethnic persona—African, Scottish, German, Jewish—and built a routine based on popular stereotypes. Jokes were generally broad and material was widely shared, or in some cases, stolen. Industrialized American audiences sought entertainment as a way to escape and confront city living. The founders of modern American stand- up comedy include Moms Mabley, Jack Benny, Bob Hope, George Burns,Milton Berkeley, Fred Allen, Milton Berle and Frank Fay all of whom came from vaudeville or the Chitlin' Circuit.[6] They spoke directly to the audience as themselves, in front of the curtain, known as performing "in one".

Frank Fay gained acclaim as a "master of ceremonies" at New York's Palace Theater. Vaudevillian Charlie Case (also spelled Charley Case) is often credited with the first form of stand- up comedy; performing humorous monologues without props or costumes. This had not been done before during a vaudeville show. Nightclubs and resorts became the new breeding ground for stand- ups. Acts such as Alan King, Danny Thomas, Martin and Lewis, Don Rickles, Joan Rivers and Jack E. Leonard flourished in these new arenas.

In the 1. 95. 0s and into the 1. Mort Sahl began developing their acts in small folk clubs like San Francisco's hungry i (owned by impresario Enrico Banducci and origin of the ubiquitous "brick wall" behind comedians)[7] or New York's Bitter End. These comedians added an element of social satire and expanded both the language and boundaries of stand- up, venturing into politics, race relations, and sexual humor.